ScotVolt - Zero Emission HGV Infrastructure Scotland

Heriot-Watt University | Transport Scotland | SRF

Tool developed by Siti Fariya

Project by:

Dhanan Utomo, Alan Logan, Siti Fariya,
Tushara Kodikara, Guy Walker, David Cole, Philip Greening,
Zoe O'Connor, Adam Gripton

☷ Results Overview ⓘ User Guide

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Welcome

Towards Zero Emission HGV Infrastructure in Scotland. Here's what you can explore:

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Charging Maps

Two side-by-side maps showing vehicle visits (left) and grid impact (right). Click any circle for details and usage charts.

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Bay Sizing

How many charging bays each site needs, computed from simulation data using Erlang B queuing theory.

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Routing

Key freight corridors across Scotland. See which charger stops a truck needs based on vehicle range.

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Compare Scenarios

Load different parameter combos and click "+ Scenario" to compare them side by side in a table.

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▶Preset Corridors6

Corridor

Truck Model

Season

SummerWinter

Show all charger sites

▶Custom Scenarios

From Hub

To Hub

Truck

Season

SumWin

▶Corridor Table

Season

SumWin

Truck

▶Export

▶Charger Type Legend

Existing / in construction

Identified need

Route hub (origin / destination)

Existing chargers are already operational or in construction. Identified-need sites were flagged by modelling as required additions. Purple dots are the selectable route hubs you can travel between.

▶Scenario Parameters

Efficiency (kWh/km)

Battery Capacity (kWh)

Charger Power

350 kW 500 kW

Charger Network

Season

Summer Autumn Winter Spring

Charging Scenario

En-route only En-route + depot

▶Method

Erlang B queuing model

Full year of MILES simulation

Operating hours: 24h

Peak hour factor: 2.0×

Service level target: ≤5% blocking

Min bays = smallest c where P(block) ≤ 0.05

Based on real MILES simulation visit data, not assumptions.

▶Export

CHARGER UTILISATIONVehicle visits per simulated day

Circle Size = Visits/day

LowMedHigh

Grid feasible

Grid constrained

1 simulated day (MILES ABM)

GRID POWER DEMANDTotal energy delivered per simulated day

Circle Size = MWh/day

LowMedHigh

Within headroom

Exceeds headroom

1 simulated day (MILES ABM)

Erlang B - Charging Bay Requirements

Location	Visits/yr	Avg/hr	Peak/hr	Charge (min)	Erlangs	Min Bays	Headroom MW	Feasible

Charging Scenario KPIs

No scenario loaded.

Charger Results

Location	Usage	Peak	Total kWh	Substation	Headroom MW	Feasible

Assumptions and Data Notes

This tool is for indicative planning only. Consult the Phase 2 Technical Report for full methodology.

Simulation Model

Parameter	Value	Notes
Model	MILES Agent-Based Model	Heriot-Watt University
Simulation period	Full year	Full annual MILES simulation run
Scenarios	Multiple per season	Combinations of efficiency, battery, power, and network
Seasons	Summer, Autumn, Winter, Spring	Separate simulation runs per season

Scenario Parameters

Parameter	Options	Notes
Energy consumption	Summer 1.0/1.7, Autumn 1.11/1.89, Spring 1.13/1.92, Winter 1.26/2.15 kWh/km	Per-season values, fully laden 44t artic
Battery capacity	350, 500, 1000 kWh	Current and future battery sizes
Charger power	350, 500 kW	Rapid and ultra-rapid charging
Charger network	All (70 sites), Core (42 sites)	All sources vs core HGV sites only

Charging Tab

Metric	Source	Notes
Utilisation (left map)	BC_chargerSummary.csv	Total vehicle visits per charger from MILES simulation
Energy demand (right map)	BC_chargerSummary.csv	Average power draw (kW) = total kWh / total hours
Grid feasibility	substation_close_to_chargers_1.csv	Nearest substation headroom vs peak demand

Bay Sizing Tab

Parameter	Value	Notes
Method	Erlang B queuing model	Telecoms standard adapted for EV charging
Operating hours	24h	Assumed continuous operation
Peak hour factor	2.0×	Peak arrivals = 2× average
Service level target	≤5% blocking	Max probability of full queue
Input data	MILES simulation visits	Per-charger daily visits from 1-day simulation

Bay sizing uses real MILES simulation visit data, not assumptions. Min bays = smallest number where P(block) ≤ 5%.

Charger Location Sources

Source	Count	Description
HWU Phase 1	~30	Truck stops, lorry parks, ports (proposed)
Strathclyde WattRoutes	3	Additional locations (proposed)
ScotZEB	~15	Bus/coach depots, up to 150 kW (planned)
ZEHID	~8	Haulier hubs, up to 1 MW (planned)
First Bus	5	Bus depots, 300 kW (planned/operational)
Ember	2	Coach operator (planned)
By hand analysis	2	Ayr (A77), Dumfries (A75)

Routing Tab

Parameter	Value
Engine	OSRM (real road geometry)
Profile	Car driving (no HGV restrictions)
Snap radius	35 km
Min stops	ceil(dist/range) - 1 (lower bound)

Truck Models

Model	Summer (km)	Winter (km)	Basis
Short range	200	160	500 kWh, 1.7 kWh/km, 20-80% SOC
Compact range	241	193	OEM (ZETI)
Median range	360	288	UK market median (ZETI)
Long range	520	416	MAN, DAF, Renault, Scania

Grid Assessment

Item	Detail
Substation data	766 substations from SPEN and SSEN
Headroom	Seasonal: summer_2031, winter_2031, spring_autumn_2031
Matching	Nearest substation to each charger by Haversine distance
Feasibility	Headroom (MW) minus peak charger demand

Scope and Limitations

Item	Detail
Geography	Scotland only. English chargers assumed available.
Fleet sample	Approx. 12% of Scottish HGV kilometres
Missing sectors	Mining and Quarrying not represented
Vehicles	Large articulated (44t) only
Simulation	Full-year MILES run with per-season variation

Time Period

All values in the Charging tab (usage count, MWh, peak simultaneous) are for one simulated day from the MILES agent-based model. This is not an annual or real-time figure. To estimate annual demand, multiply by 365 (with seasonal adjustment).

References

Towards Zero Emission HGV Infrastructure in Scotland - Phase 2 (Utomo, Logan, Fariya, Walker, Greening, Kodikara) | ZETI | CSRF | SPEN and SSEN

Last updated: April 2026

Route Summary

No routes generated.

All 6 Key Corridors

Corridor	Dist (km)	Drive Time	Truck	Season	Min Chargers

Ready

56.50, -3.50

0 locations

OSRM + MILES

Phase 2 Report

Street view⤢